GIGA SHIFT / EUROPEThe changing landscape of European battery-cell manufacturing

Explore the data

Europe’s battery-cell pipeline, snapshot by snapshot.

Track the projects, capacity expectations and companies behind Europe’s battery-cell factory pipeline from 2018 to 2026.

How to read this trackerEach visualisation has its own historical timeline.
MapFactory projects publicly known at the selected date.
BarsCapacity those plans were expected to deliver.
LineCapacity that actually became operational, shown with hindsight.
Methodology & definitions →

Battery cells are the core units later assembled into battery packs. GWh/year is planned annual factory nameplate capacity, not actual battery output. Active pipeline includes announced, construction/ramp-up and operating projects; paused projects are shown separately.

01 · Factory map

What factories were in Europe’s pipeline?

Choose a historical date to see the projects and statuses that were publicly known at that moment.

Map as publicly known on31 December 2022H2 2022
H1 20182022-H2H1 2026
AnnouncedConstruction & ramp-upIn operationPausedCancelledClosed

Select a marker to inspect the project. Numbers inside markers show planned GWh/year.

1152017.5306014124329401340504010024165145101650604030404514.8100837.6301084
1 GWh100+ GWhActive size = active planned · Paused size = paused · Cancelled/closed = fixed

37 projects shown · 2 hidden by current filters

From projects to expectations →

Next, restart the clock and see what the pipeline was expected to deliver.

02 · Historical capacity expectations

How much capacity was the pipeline expected to deliver?

Forecast as seen from 31 December 2022

Standing at this date, what did Europe’s known factory plans imply for the years ahead?

Forecast as seen from31 December 2022H2 2022
H1 20182022-H2H1 2026

Bars look forward from this historical date. The line uses hindsight to show what later became operational.

More chart options
Expected capacityPaused but not cancelledActual operational capacity · hindsight

Select a future year to inspect exact values.

02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750YOU ARE HERE201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035Battery-cell manufacturing capacity, GWh/yearFuture year

Selected future year

2030

Expected active capacity
1,090.9 GWh
Paused but still announced
+100 GWh
Total incl. paused
1,190.9 GWh
Capacity with confirmed timing
586.8 GWh
Actual operational capacity
—

Actual capacity is shown with hindsight. It was not information available when this historical forecast was made.

External forecasts available at this date

No published benchmark point is available for 2030 in this historical view.

At this snapshot, the workbook assigns 504.1 GWh of active capacity and 100 GWh of paused capacity without a defensible exact year to YE2030, never earlier.

Next: who were the companies behind that capacity?

Company origin

Where were the companies behind the projects based?

Shows the home region of the project operator at this chart’s selected historical snapshot.

Operator origin as of31 December 2022H2 2022

? How operator origin is classified

Classification follows the named project company or operator at each historical snapshot, not necessarily the ultimate parent. Cross-regional joint ventures are shown as Mixed and Taiwan remains separate. Later ownership changes do not rewrite earlier snapshots.

Company origin as of31 December 2022H2 2022
H1 20182022-H2H1 2026
Absolute scale · 0–700 GWh
Europe
637.4 GWh
China
199 GWh
South Korea
182.5 GWh
Japan
72 GWh
Mixed
0 GWh
North America
0 GWh
Taiwan
0 GWh
Total active capacity1,090.9 GWh
Largest HQ regionEurope637.4 GWh

Methodology

Scope and counting rules are applied consistently across every snapshot. Open any topic to inspect the definitions.

Methodology

Scope & geography

Europe follows UN M49 geographic region 150. This includes the Russian Federation and Belarus. Cyprus and Türkiye are outside the region because UN M49 classifies them in Western Asia.

UN M49 classification →
What counts as a battery factory?

A named physical site for commercial rechargeable battery-cell manufacturing with at least 1 GWh/year of public project capacity. Modules, packs, materials, recycling-only facilities and research pilots are excluded.

Capacity & timing

Announced and construction/ramp-up phases use their current public target. In-operation phases use only publicly verified operational capacity, not an old future maximum. Inactive phases add zero active GWh but retain a reference capacity on the map.

Lifecycle statuses

Announced covers a site-specific commitment before physical factory construction. Construction & ramp-up continues through commissioning and ramp-up. In operation requires reliable evidence of normal commercial operation. Paused, Cancelled and Closed are inactive.

Historical snapshots & hindsight

Each snapshot closes on 30 June or 31 December. Later evidence may verify an objective historical fact, but a pause or cancellation is not backdated simply because later events make it look inevitable.

Company / operator origin

The named project company or operator is classified separately at every historical snapshot. Later acquisitions do not rewrite earlier years. It is not necessarily the ultimate parent.

About this project

How was AI used?

AI assisted with source discovery, extraction, comparison, structuring and quality checks. The included records have been reviewed against the cited sources, but AI assistance and human judgement both introduce room for error. The workbook documents sources, review items and revision history.

What anonymous usage data is collected?

The site records page views, an anonymous browser and session identifier, broad device type, referring website, visits to the download section, workbook download actions and feature interactions. The project database does not store IP addresses or detailed device fingerprints.

Data quality & limitations

Public information is incomplete, changes over time and sometimes conflicts. Despite review, dates, capacities, statuses, ownership classifications or exclusions may be wrong or become outdated. This exploratory research tool is provided without warranty. Report a correction →

Who is behind the project?

This is an independent personal research project by Emil Espes. It is separate from his professional role and is not an Excillum project.

Source register

Every source, open to inspect.

The complete v4.9 source list is public. The downloadable workbook adds the canonical map and forecast tables, historical operator identity, timing rules, methodology and QA checks. Report a correction →

Browse all 137 sources →
137 shown
  1. Automotive Cells Company
    ACC welcomes Mercedes-Benz and plans third factory for Italy ↗

    ACC Kaiserslautern / Termoli / 2030 portfolio plan

  2. Reuters
    Stellantis-backed ACC drops plans for Italian, German gigafactories ↗

    ACC Kaiserslautern and Termoli cancellation

  3. Automotive Cells Company
    ACC inaugurates its first Gigafactory in Billy-Berclau/Douvrin ↗

    ACC Douvrin ramp-up

  4. Automotive Cells Company
    ACC renews its partnership with Equans for the second production block ↗

    ACC Douvrin capacity

  5. Automotive Cells Company
    Shaping our first Gigafactory: a construction much bigger than ourselves ↗

    ACC Douvrin historical production timing

  6. Stadt Kaiserslautern
    437 Millionen Euro für nachhaltige Batteriezellfertigung ↗

    ACC Kaiserslautern historical timing

  7. Reuters
    Stellantis-backed battery maker ACC pauses plans for German, Italian plants ↗

    ACC Kaiserslautern and Termoli pause

  8. Automotive Cells Company
    Future nitrogen production unit takes shape ↗

    ACC Douvrin ramp status

  9. Reuters
    Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz and TotalEnergies JV to invest in Italian battery plant ↗

    ACC Termoli

  10. electrive
    Envision AESC adjusts plans for French battery factory ↗

    AESC Douai

  11. European Investment Bank
    AESC Douai battery gigafactory financing ↗

    AESC Douai

  12. Renault Group
    Renault Group and Envision AESC to build a gigafactory in Douai ↗

    AESC Douai

  13. Híbridos y Eléctricos
    Envision AESC battery factory in Spain with annual capacity of 30 GWh ↗

    AESC Extremadura historical timing

  14. Shanghai Metals Market
    Envision AESC plans 30 GWh battery factory in Spain ↗

    AESC Navalmoral de la Mata

  15. UK Export Finance / GOV.UK
    Category B project supported: AESC EDG, UK ↗

    AESC Sunderland Plant 2

  16. Agratas
    Britain's biggest battery factory will be built in Somerset ↗

    Agratas Bridgwater

  17. Agratas
    Major construction milestone reached at UK battery facility ↗

    Agratas Somerset construction

  18. The Guardian
    JLR at risk of battery supply delays after Somerset factory turmoil ↗

    Agratas Somerset timing revision

  19. Automotive World
    Basquevolt initiative launched with aim of 10 GWh by 2027 ↗

    Basquevolt Vitoria-Gasteiz

  20. PEM RWTH Aachen University
    Battery Atlas 2026 — Mapping the European Lithium-ion Battery Industry ↗

    External discovery and methodology comparison

  21. Beyonder
    Beyonder Company Presentation - Kraftkonferansen ↗

    Beyonder Haugaland full-scale capacity

  22. Radio Haugaland
    Beyonder henter millioner og outsourcer batteriproduksjon til Kina ↗

    Beyonder Haugaland factory plan dropped

  23. Blackstone Resources via OTS
    Grundstück für 5-GWh-Batterieproduktion in Deutschland ↗

    Blackstone Döbeln 5 GWh target

  24. electrive
    Blackstone Technology declares bankruptcy ↗

    Blackstone Döbeln cancellation

  25. electrive
    Britishvolt begins construction on Blyth factory ↗

    Britishvolt Blyth historical timing

  26. Reuters
    Startup Britishvolt calls in administrators ↗

    Britishvolt administration

  27. Government of Portugal
    Fábrica de última geração de baterias de lítio lançada em Sines ↗

    CALB Sines current target

  28. RTP / Lusa
    Fábrica de baterias de veículos elétricos em Sines estará a funcionar em 2025 ↗

    CALB Sines historical production timing

  29. CATL
    CATL Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2019 ↗

    CATL Erfurt

  30. CATL
    CATL's German plant kicks off cell production ↗

    CATL Thuringia status

  31. CATL
    CATL Debrecen plant reaches new construction milestone ↗

    CATL Debrecen

  32. CATL
    CATL announces its second European battery plant in Hungary ↗

    CATL Debrecen announcement

  33. CATL
    Construction begins on CATL-Stellantis battery plant in Spain ↗

    Zaragoza construction

  34. CATL
    CATL and Stellantis announce battery joint venture in Spain ↗

    CATL/Stellantis Zaragoza

  35. Battery-News
    Porsche scraps battery production plans at Cellforce ↗

    Cellforce cancellation

  36. German Federal Government / Deutscher Bundestag
    Drucksache 21/4778 - Hochlauf der Produktion von Batteriezellen ↗

    German battery-cell plants, current status and operational capacity

  37. EIT InnoEnergy
    ElevenEs receives investment and support from EIT InnoEnergy to build a battery gigafactory near Serbia's lithium deposit ↗

    ElevenEs Subotica site-specific project

  38. eKapija
    ElevenEs finalizes plans for 1 GWh battery megafactory in Subotica ↗

    ElevenEs revised firm Subotica project

  39. ElevenEs / LinkedIn
    Mega Factory in Subotica follows validated process ↗

    ElevenEs construction start

  40. Elinor Batteries / Business Wire
    Elinor Batteries announces plans for a sustainable battery factory in Orkland ↗

    Elinor Orkland

  41. Valinor
    Elinor Batteries and Stella Futura enter strategic partnership ↗

    Elinor Orkland production timing

  42. Eni
    Eni Storage Systems, the joint venture between Eni and FIB, launches activities in Brindisi to develop stationary lithium batteries ↗

    First quantified site-specific Brindisi LFP cell project

  43. Hungarian Investment Promotion Agency
    EVE Power battery factory in Debrecen ↗

    EVE Debrecen

  44. Benchmark Mineral Intelligence / GlobeNewswire
    Europe's EV Gigafactory Capacity Pipeline Grows 6-Fold to 789.2GWh to 2030 ↗

    Europe lithium-ion gigafactory capacity

  45. European Commission
    Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2020) 335 final ↗

    EU lithium-based cell production outlook

  46. Fraunhofer ISI
    Europäische Batteriezellfertigung: Verzehnfachung der Produktionskapazitäten bis 2030 ↗

    Europe announced cell production capacity

  47. International Energy Agency
    Global EV Outlook 2024 - Trends in electric vehicle batteries ↗

    Regional EV battery manufacturing capacity and announced pipeline

  48. International Energy Agency
    Lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity, 2022-2030 ↗

    Regional battery manufacturing capacity benchmark

  49. Transport & Environment
    Europe risks wasting €27bn battery opportunity with weak CO2 targets – study ↗

    EU + UK planned battery capacity

  50. Transport & Environment
    An industrial blueprint for batteries in Europe ↗

    European battery project risk assessment

  51. electrive
    Farasis to build battery factory in Saxony-Anhalt ↗

    Farasis Bitterfeld-Wolfen

  52. electrive
    Bitterfeld-Wolfen terminates agreement with Farasis Energy ↗

    Farasis Bitterfeld-Wolfen cancellation

  53. FREYR Battery
    FREYR Battery sanctions construction of its inaugural Gigafactory ↗

    FREYR Giga Arctic

  54. InoBat
    Gotion InoBat Batteries signs MOU with Slovak government ↗

    Šurany announcement

  55. InoBat
    GIB to build an Advanced Gigafactory in Slovakia ↗

    Šurany firm phase

  56. STVR
    Výstavbu baterkárne v Šuranoch slávnostne otvorili ↗

    Gotion InoBat Šurany construction start

  57. InoBat
    InoBat signs MOU with Serbia and Ćuprija for second Giga Battery Manufacturing and Recycling project ↗

    InoBat Ćuprija site

  58. Cadena SER
    Gotion/InoBat project in Valladolid ↗

    InoBat/Gotion Valladolid

  59. Lilium
    Lilium Announces Partnership for High-Volume Production of Lilium Jet Battery Cells ↗

    InoBat Voderady Volta II

  60. Italvolt
    Italvolt to build Italy's first gigafactory ↗

    Italvolt Scarmagno

  61. Leclanché
    Leclanché Group 2024 Consolidated Annual Report ↗

    Willstätt 2 GWh project

  62. LG Energy Solution Wrocław
    New President of LG Energy Solution Wrocław ↗

    LG Wrocław historical target

  63. The Korea Times
    Car battery makers rushing to build plants abroad ↗

    LG Wrocław operational capacity

  64. LG Energy Solution
    World Battery Tour With LG Energy Solution - Poland, Part 1 ↗

    LG Wrocław capacity

  65. European Investment Bank
    Electric vehicle battery production in Europe gets boost thanks to EIB loan of €480 million ↗

    LG Wrocław expansion

  66. Yonhap News Agency
    LG Chem to expand EV battery production in Poland ↗

    LG Energy Solution Wrocław historical production plan

  67. Lyten
    Lyten Completes Acquisition of Northvolt Sweden and Establishes its First Lyten Industrial Hub ↗

    Skellefteå restart

  68. Battery-News
    Batteriezellfertigung in Europa, August 2020 ↗

    European battery-cell project snapshot

  69. Battery-News
    Batterieprojekte in Europa, Stand November 2021 ↗

    European battery project snapshot

  70. Battery-News
    Batterieproduktion in Europa, Dezember 2022 ↗

    European battery-cell project snapshot

  71. Battery-News
    Europe falling behind in battery-cell production ↗

    European battery-cell project snapshot

  72. Battery-News
    Battery-cell production in Europe, October 2025 ↗

    European battery-cell project snapshot

  73. Morrow Batteries
    Reaching significant operational and technological milestones ↗

    Morrow Eyde Energy Park

  74. Morrow Batteries
    Morrow Batteries signs final agreement with Arendal Municipality ↗

    Morrow Arendal 42 GWh site plan

  75. Morrow Batteries
    Morrow Batteries raises EUR 100 million in new investment round ↗

    Morrow Arendal 43 GWh phased plan

  76. Morrow Batteries
    The board of Morrow Batteries resolves to file for bankruptcy proceedings ↗

    Morrow bankruptcy

  77. Morrow Batteries
    A giant leap for Norway as a battery powerhouse ↗

    Morrow Arendal Battery Cell Factory 1 construction and 43 GWh total plan

  78. Reuters
    Norway's Morrow Batteries opens factory, plans first deliveries by year-end ↗

    Morrow Cell Factory 1 opening/ramp-up

  79. Northvolt
    Northvolt partners with Swedish municipalities for next-generation European battery manufacturing ↗

    Northvolt Ett, Skellefteå

  80. Northvolt
    Northvolt completes equity raise to enable initial 16 GWh at Northvolt Ett ↗

    Northvolt Ett initial phase

  81. Northvolt
    Northvolt 2022: where we stand ↗

    Northvolt Ett, NOVO Energy Gothenburg and Northvolt Drei

  82. Northvolt
    Northvolt files for bankruptcy in Sweden ↗

    Northvolt bankruptcy

  83. Northvolt
    Construction begins at Northvolt Ett ↗

    Northvolt Ett construction

  84. Northvolt
    Northvolt Ett assembles first lithium-ion battery cell ↗

    Northvolt Ett commissioning

  85. Northvolt
    Northvolt Drei construction update ↗

    Northvolt Drei - Heide

  86. Northvolt
    Northvolt outlines revised scope of operations in Sweden ↗

    Northvolt Ett revised scope

  87. Reuters
    Volvo Cars pauses operations at battery startup NOVO Energy ↗

    NOVO Energy pause

  88. Nanomate / Phi4Tech
    Visit of authorities to the new Phi4tech battery laboratories in Noblejas ↗

    Noblejas-to-Badajoz project separation

  89. Nanomate / Phi4Tech
    Extremadura will host the first battery cell factory in southern Europe ↗

    Badajoz battery-cell industrial project

  90. Nanomate
    Construction begins on our supercapacitor factory in Badajoz ↗

    Badajoz scope change from battery-cell project to supercapacitor factory

  91. Nanomate / Phi4Tech
    Presentation of the first battery cell pilot line in Noblejas ↗

    Noblejas pilot line and site-specific short-term scale-up

  92. Volkswagen Group
    Volkswagen and Northvolt form joint venture for battery production ↗

    PowerCo/Volkswagen Salzgitter initial plan

  93. electrive
    Volkswagen plans Spanish battery factory in Sagunto ↗

    PowerCo Sagunto

  94. Volkswagen Group
    Ground breaking in Salzgitter: Volkswagen enters global battery business with PowerCo ↗

    PowerCo Salzgitter

  95. Volkswagen Group / PowerCo
    Start of European battery cell production: PowerCo commissions Salzgitter gigafactory ↗

    PowerCo Salzgitter ramp-up

  96. Volkswagen Group / PowerCo
    Gigafactory Valencia: PowerCo gives starting signal for construction of second cell factory ↗

    PowerCo Sagunto construction

  97. Prime Batteries Technology
    Prime Batteries contact / factory location ↗

    Prime Batteries Cernica factory location

  98. European Institute of Innovation & Technology
    Prime Batteries Technology and EIT InnoEnergy join forces to scale up battery and storage production in Europe ↗

    Prime Batteries Technology Cernica

  99. Ziarul Financiar
    Prime Batteries plans 2 GWh by 2024 and 8 GWh by 2026 ↗

    Prime Batteries historical timing

  100. Ziarul Financiar / Prime Batteries
    Prime Batteries Cernica expansion to 2 GWh ↗

    Prime Batteries construction status and timing

  101. Ziarul Financiar
    Prime Batteries: 2.3 GWh current capacity and another 6 GWh by end-2026 ↗

    Prime Batteries operational capacity and expansion timing

  102. ProLogium
    ProLogium Breaks Ground on Dunkirk Gigafactory in France ↗

    ProLogium Dunkirk current committed roadmap

  103. ProLogium
    ProLogium Announces €5.2b Gigafactory in Dunkirk France ↗

    ProLogium Dunkirk historical 48 GWh site plan

  104. Reuters
    Companies investing in EV battery factories in Europe ↗

    Europe-wide project cross-check and status

  105. Reuters
    Factbox: Europe's battery cell projects face delays and cancellations ↗

    Cross-Europe project timing checkpoint

  106. Reuters
    After Northvolt, Europe's battery hopes rely heavily on China ↗

    InoBat Voderady and Šurany status

  107. Radio România Actualități
    Investiție de circa 1,4 miliarde de euro într-o fabrică de baterii pentru mașinile electrice la Galați ↗

    Romvolt Galați announcement and cell scope

  108. Romania Insider
    Belgian ABEE abandons plans for EUR 1.4 bln battery plant in Romania ↗

    Romvolt Galați cancellation

  109. Rosatom Newsletter
    Manufacturing - Rosatom's first lithium-ion energy storage gigafactory ↗

    Rosatom Kaliningrad and Moscow

  110. Rosatom Newsletter / industry report
    Rosatom began construction of Russia's first energy-storage gigafactory in Kaliningrad ↗

    Rosatom Kaliningrad construction

  111. Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation
    Rosatom launches Russia's first lithium-ion energy-storage gigafactory ↗

    Rosatom Kaliningrad operation

  112. European Commission
    State aid: Commission approves Hungarian investment aid to Samsung SDI's EV battery plant ↗

    Samsung SDI Göd status

  113. European Commission / EUR-Lex
    Commission Decision (EU) 2024/2057 on aid to Samsung SDI Göd ↗

    Samsung SDI Göd cell-capacity evidence

  114. European Commission / Official Journal
    Commission decision / State aid SA.48556 - Samsung SDI Hungary expansion ↗

    Samsung SDI Göd

  115. Reuters
    Companies investing in EV battery factories in Europe ↗

    Samsung SDI Göd current site capacity

  116. Swiss Clean Battery / PR Newswire
    World's first gigafactory for pure solid-state batteries established in Switzerland ↗

    Swiss Clean Battery Frauenfeld

  117. Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce via Moneyhouse
    Swiss Clean Battery AG in Liquidation ↗

    Swiss Clean Battery bankruptcy

  118. SK Innovation
    SK Innovation battery production capacity - 2025 earnings material ↗

    SK On Hungary capacity and commercial production dates

  119. Hungarian Investment Promotion Agency
    SK Innovation builds third Hungarian battery plant in Iváncsa ↗

    SK On Iváncsa

  120. Hungarian Investment Promotion Agency
    SK Innovation establishes battery plant in Komárom ↗

    SK On Komárom

  121. Hungarian Investment Promotion Agency
    SK Innovation expands battery production in Komárom ↗

    SK On Komárom

  122. electrive
    SVOLT adjusts Germany production timetable ↗

    SVOLT Überherrn and Lauchhammer

  123. electrive
    SVOLT to build 24 GWh battery factory in German Saarland ↗

    SVOLT Überherrn

  124. Reuters
    Tesla ups investment in boost to Berlin battery cell production ↗

    Tesla Grünheide revised cell-production plan

  125. Tagesspiegel
    Elon Musk plant weltgrößte Batteriefabrik in Grünheide ↗

    Tesla Grünheide initial cell-capacity announcement

  126. Reuters via MarketScreener
    Tesla puts planned battery cell production on hold at German plant ↗

    Tesla Grünheide pause

  127. electrive
    Tiamat to build a 5 GWh factory for Na-ion batteries in France ↗

    Tiamat Boves

  128. Porsche AG
    V4Drive becomes V4Smart: Porsche acquires business unit ↗

    V4Drive/V4Smart Ellwangen and Nördlingen production

  129. VARTA
    VARTA confirms plans to build V4Drive lithium-ion cells ↗

    V4Drive

  130. Verkor
    Verkor marks a key milestone in its industrial development ↗

    Verkor Dunkirk ramp-up

  131. Verkor
    Verkor marks new milestone, laying the foundation stone of its Gigafactory ↗

    Verkor Dunkirk construction

  132. Verkor
    Verkor selects Dunkirk for its first Gigafactory ↗

    Verkor Dunkirk explicit 16 to 50 GWh site build-out

  133. Volklec
    Volklec secures backing for next phase of UK battery industrialisation and scale-up ↗

    Volklec 1 GWh confirmation and 10 GWh roadmap

  134. Reuters
    UK startup Volklec to make EV batteries with licensed Chinese technology ↗

    Volklec 1 GWh line at UKBIC

  135. Volkswagen Group
    Volkswagen Group Annual Report 2025 - Technology ↗

    PowerCo Salzgitter status

  136. Volkswagen Group
    Power Day: Volkswagen presents technology roadmap for batteries and charging up to 2030 ↗

    Northvolt Ett and Salzgitter historical production plans

  137. Volkswagen Group
    Volkswagen Group and SEAT reveal electrification plan for Spain ↗

    PowerCo Valencia historical timing

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