GIGA SHIFT / EUROPEThe changing landscape of European battery-cell manufacturing

17 half-year snapshots · 2018–2026

Watch Europe’s battery-cell factory plans unfold.

Travel through the factory pipeline as it was publicly known at each historical date.

Every snapshot uses only information that was public at that point in time. Later delays, pauses or cancellations never rewrite an earlier view.

Each snapshot shows the factory projects and annual nameplate capacity that were publicly known at the time. Planned capacity is not the same as actual battery production.

Battery cells are the core units later assembled into battery packs.

GWh/year is planned annual factory nameplate capacity, not actual battery output.

Active pipeline includes announced, construction/ramp-up and operating projects. Paused projects are shown separately.

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Viewing Europe as of30 June 2018H1 2018

1 / 17

ACTIVE PIPELINEBY STAGE42.5GWh/year1,300032
AnnouncedConstruction & ramp-upIn operationPausedCancelledClosed
3 active projects42.5 GWh/year active pipeline0 GWh/year paused
H1 2018

42.5 GWh/year

starting active pipeline

The public record begins with 3 active projects.

What was visible

  • VISIBLENorthvolt Ett - SkellefteåNorthvolt · Sweden+32 GWh
  • VISIBLESK On KomáromSK On · Hungary+7.5 GWh
  • VISIBLELG Energy Solution WrocławLG Energy Solution · Poland+3 GWh
H2 2018

No net change

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline remained at 42.5 GWh/year during H2 2018.

What changed

No project-level change is recorded in this snapshot.

H1 2019

+28 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 42.5 GWh/year to 70.5 GWh/year during H1 2019.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEFarasis Bitterfeld-WolfenFarasis Energy · Germany+16 GWh
  • ENTERED OPERATIONLG Energy Solution WrocławAnnounced → In operation3 GWh/year → 15 GWh/year+12 GWh
H2 2019

+16 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 70.5 GWh/year to 86.5 GWh/year during H2 2019.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEPowerCo SalzgitterNorthvolt Zwei (Volkswagen / Northvolt JV) · Germany+16 GWh
  • MOVED TO CONSTRUCTION / RAMP-UPNorthvolt Ett - SkellefteåAnnounced → Construction & ramp-up
H1 2020

+70 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 86.5 GWh/year to 156.5 GWh/year during H1 2020.

What changed

  • CAPACITY REVISIONLG Energy Solution Wrocław15 GWh/year → 65 GWh/year+50 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINESamsung SDI GödSamsung SDI · Hungary+20 GWh
H2 2020

+201 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 156.5 GWh/year to 357.5 GWh/year during H2 2020.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINETesla Berlin cell factoryTesla · Germany+100 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEACC KaiserslauternACC · Germany+40 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEFREYR Giga ArcticFREYR Battery · Norway+29 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINESVOLT ÜberherrnSVOLT · Germany+24 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINECATL ThuringiaCATL · Germany+8 GWh
H1 2021

+195 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 357.5 GWh/year to 552.5 GWh/year during H1 2021.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEItalvolt ScarmagnoItalvolt · Italy+45 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEMorrow Eyde Energy ParkMorrow Batteries · Norway+42 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINESK On IváncsaSK On · Hungary+30 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONPowerCo Salzgitter16 GWh/year → 40 GWh/year+24 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEAESC DouaiAESC · France+24 GWh

+4 more

H2 2021

+90 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 552.5 GWh/year to 642.5 GWh/year during H2 2021.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEBritishvolt BlythBritishvolt · United Kingdom+35 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONNorthvolt Ett - Skellefteå40 GWh/year → 60 GWh/year+20 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEElevenEs SuboticaElevenEs · Serbia+16 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEAESC SunderlandAESC · United Kingdom+12 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONAESC Douai24 GWh/year → 30 GWh/year+6 GWh

+2 more

H1 2022

+327.6 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 642.5 GWh/year to 970.1 GWh/year during H1 2022.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINENorthvolt Drei - HeideNorthvolt · Germany+60 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONLG Energy Solution Wrocław65 GWh/year → 115 GWh/year+50 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEVerkor DunkirkVerkor · France+50 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINENOVO Energy GothenburgNOVO Energy · Sweden+50 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEPowerCo Gigafactory ValenciaPowerCo · Spain+40 GWh

+8 more

H2 2022

+120.8 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 970.1 GWh/year to 1,090.9 GWh/year during H2 2022.

What changed

  • PAUSEDTesla Berlin cell factoryAnnounced → Paused100 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINECATL DebrecenCATL · Hungary+100 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINECALB SinesCALB · Portugal+45 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINESVOLT LauchhammerSVOLT · Germany+16 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEMES Horní SucháMagna Energy Storage (MES) · Czechia+14.8 GWh

+10 more

Paused capacity: +100 GWh/year

H1 2023

+99 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 1,090.9 GWh/year to 1,189.9 GWh/year during H1 2023.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEProLogium DunkirkProLogium · France+48 GWh
  • CANCELLEDBritishvolt BlythConstruction & ramp-up → Cancelled40 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year40 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEElinor OrklandElinor Batteries · Norway+40 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEEVE Power DebrecenEVE Power · Hungary+28 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINERomvolt GalațiRomvolt · Romania+22 GWh

+6 more

H2 2023

+56 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline grew from 1,189.9 GWh/year to 1,245.9 GWh/year during H2 2023.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEInoBat Project LionInoBat · Serbia+32 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEGotion InoBat Batteries - ŠuranyGotion InoBat Batteries (GIB) · Slovakia+20 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEInoBat VoderadyInoBat · Slovakia+4 GWh
  • MOVED TO CONSTRUCTION / RAMP-UPVerkor DunkirkAnnounced → Construction & ramp-up
  • MOVED TO CONSTRUCTION / RAMP-UPAESC DouaiAnnounced → Construction & ramp-up
H1 2024

−22 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline contracted from 1,245.9 GWh/year to 1,223.9 GWh/year during H1 2024.

What changed

  • PAUSEDACC KaiserslauternAnnounced → Paused40 GWh
  • PAUSEDACC TermoliAnnounced → Paused40 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEAgratas SomersetAgratas · United Kingdom+40 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONACC Douvrin27 GWh/year → 40 GWh/year+13 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINETiamat BovesTiamat · France+5 GWh

+1 more

Paused capacity: +80 GWh/year

H2 2024

−101.2 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline contracted from 1,223.9 GWh/year to 1,122.7 GWh/year during H2 2024.

What changed

  • NEW TO PIPELINEContemporary Star Energy - ZaragozaCATL / Stellantis (planned JV) · Spain+50 GWh
  • PAUSEDItalvolt ScarmagnoAnnounced → Paused45 GWh/year → 70 GWh/year45 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONNorthvolt Ett - Skellefteå60 GWh/year → 16 GWh/year44 GWh
  • CANCELLEDFREYR Giga ArcticConstruction & ramp-up → Cancelled29 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year29 GWh
  • CANCELLEDSVOLT ÜberherrnAnnounced → Cancelled24 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year24 GWh

+14 more

Paused capacity: +100 GWh/year

H1 2025

−113.9 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline contracted from 1,122.7 GWh/year to 1,008.8 GWh/year during H1 2025.

What changed

  • CANCELLEDNorthvolt Drei - HeideConstruction & ramp-up → Cancelled60 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year60 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONCALB Sines45 GWh/year → 15 GWh/year30 GWh
  • CLOSEDNorthvolt Ett - SkellefteåConstruction & ramp-up → Closed16 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year16 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONElevenEs Subotica16 GWh/year → 1 GWh/year15 GWh
  • CAPACITY REVISIONAESC Sunderland13.8 GWh/year → 17.6 GWh/year+3.8 GWh

+5 more

Paused capacity: 30 GWh/year

H2 2025

−31 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline contracted from 1,008.8 GWh/year to 977.8 GWh/year during H2 2025.

What changed

  • CAPACITY REVISIONPowerCo Salzgitter40 GWh/year → 20 GWh/year20 GWh
  • CANCELLEDCellforceAnnounced → Cancelled20 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year20 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEEni Storage Systems BrindisiEni Storage Systems · Italy+8 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINERENERA New Moscow gigafactoryRENERA · Russian Federation+4 GWh
  • PAUSEDV4DriveAnnounced → Paused3 GWh

+1 more

Paused capacity: +3 GWh/year

H1 2026

−69.1 GWh/year

net change in the active pipeline

The active pipeline contracted from 977.8 GWh/year to 908.7 GWh/year during H1 2026.

What changed

  • PAUSEDNOVO Energy GothenburgConstruction & ramp-up → Paused50 GWh
  • CLOSEDMorrow Eyde Energy ParkConstruction & ramp-up → Closed43 GWh/year → 0 GWh/year43 GWh
  • MOVED TO CONSTRUCTION / RAMP-UPProLogium DunkirkAnnounced → Construction & ramp-up48 GWh/year → 12 GWh/year36 GWh
  • NEW TO PIPELINEInoBat/Gotion ValladolidInoBat / Gotion (JV project) · Spain+32 GWh
  • STATUS CHANGETesla Berlin cell factoryPaused → Announced100 GWh/year → 18 GWh/year+18 GWh

+7 more

Paused capacity: 130 GWh/year

Guided story complete

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